Sushmajee
Ved
Ved | |
4-Vedaant |
See also Darshan
(1) The Upanishad constitute
the revealed text (Shruti - the heard ones), thus are called Shruti Prasthaan.
(2) A term first used by
Baadaraayan (690-610 BC) for the knowledge contained in the Upanishad regarding
man, God and their relationship Vedaant is also called Uttar Meemaansaa and is one
of the six Hindu philosophies discussing the nature of the Universe and man. It is
solely based on the genuine Upanishad. Vedaant was expounded by Shankaraachaarya
(830 AD) as A-Dwaitvaad (non-Dualism); by Raamaanuj (1100 AD) as Vishisht A-Dwaitvaad
(Qualified non-Dualism); and by
Madhwaachaarya (1270 AD) as Dualism (Dwaitvaad), See also
Darshan.
Vedaant Saar Vedaant Sootra
It is sometimes possible that we forget the real meaning of some of the common
and popular terms. The term Vedaant is one such example. While some people
understand the term as useless discussion or some thing not understandable,
others consider that all that concerns Adhyaatm is Vedaant. Vedaant means the
last part of Ved (Ved + Ant). Among the parts of Sanhitaa, Braahman, Aranyakaa
and Upanishad, the last one is Upanishad. According to Meemaansak, the part
of Ved which relates to its definite meaning (Vedaarth) is Vedaant. "Ant"
also means Nirnaya (decision). (Vedo Vedaarth, tasyaanto nirnayah).
According to Meemaansak - "Mantraashch braahmanam cha Vedah" - Mantra
are helpful for Yagya etc, and Braahman provide us the rules, explanations, stories,
instances etc. While the Aaranyak are the discussions part and these end in the
Upanishad. The discussions on the Braahman constitute the Poorv Meemaansaa and
those that discuss on the Aaranyak and the Upanishad constitute the Uttar Meemaamsaa.
Uttar Meemaansaa is also called as Vedaant Meemaansaa which indicates that these
discuss the Upanishad.
Mantra Braahman which are useful for the Yagya and other rituals are termed as
Karm Kaand; and
The number of Upanishad according to Muktikopanishat is 1108.
As per tradition and from times immemorial, the number of Upanishad which
are considered as as parts of the Ved is only 13.
Aitareya, Ken, Chhaandogya, Taittireeya, Brihadaaranyak, and Kausheetikee -
these 6 Upanishad are Aaranyak Upanishad.
Shankar recognized only 10 of these and excluded Kausheetikee, Shwetaashwatar
and Mytraayan in his Bhaashya although he has quoted from the first two Upanishad
in his Sootra Bhaashya. Mytraayan is not touched either by Shankar or Baadaraayan.
The Vedaant thus depends on these Upanishad and derives strength from the Brahm
Sootra of Baadaraayan.
The Upanishad (Shruti Prasthaan), Bhagavad Geetaa (Smriti Prasthaan), and Brahm
Sootra (Nyaaya Prasthaan) constitute in essence the Vedaant Shaastra.
There were several great men like Jaimini, Ashmaratya, Oudulomi, Kaashakritsna,
Baadaree, Kaarshnaajinee etc, before Baadarayan also who had defined Vedaant.
However, Vedaant got a firm foundation because of Baadaraayan. But the Sootra
got the status of a Darshan after Shankar came up with his Bhaashya. Shankar
wrote his Bhaashya with the sole purpose of showing the Upanishad Darshan
(Samanjasamidam Upanishadam Darshanam). He effectively demonstrated that,
"na saankhya Gyaanen ved nirapekshan yogamaargena vaa nihshreya samaadhi
gamyate, shrutirhi vaidikaat Aatmaikatwa vigyaanaadanyat nih shreyas saadhanam
vaarayati"
(BS Shankar Bhaashya 2.1.3.) |
Created by Sushma Gupta on 3/15/06
Contact: sushmajee@yahoo.com
Updated on 03/20/13